DECK LEVEL SWIMMING POOL DESIGN

A deck-level, or overflow, swimming pool is a design where the water is at the same height as the surrounding deck. The water continuously spills over the pool's edge into a perimeter channel, giving the pool a sophisticated, sleek, and minimalist appearance. This system also provides superior water quality and circulation. ​ The defining feature of a deck-level pool is its overflow system, which requires a specific set of components for proper function. ​ Overflow channel is a continuous channel runs around the entire perimeter of the pool, water overflows the edge into this channel and goes to a balance tank that stores the water that overflows from the pool. It is a critical component for maintaining the water level and volume, especially when swimmers displace water. A balance tank typically holds around 15% of the total pool volume.

 

From the balance tank, water is pumped to the filtration system for cleaning and treatment. It is then returned to the pool via inlets located near or in the floor. This "top-down, bottom-up" circulation pattern effectively removes surface pollutants and eliminates dead spots. The pool deck must be laid with a slight downward slope towards the overflow channel to ensure any water that splashes out drains properly. Since the aesthetic appeal of a deck-level pool comes from the seamless transition between the water and the surrounding deck. the choice of materials for the channels and surrounding surfaces greatly influences the final look.

 

The channel can be covered by a series of grates, typically made from durable materials like plastic or high-grade stainless steel. Plastic is cost-effective, while stainless steel offers a premium, modern finish. For a cleaner, more minimalist appearance, a narrow, single-slot drain can be used. This option can be difficult to clean, so accessibility must be considered in the design. For a luxury finish, the channel can be covered with tiles or stone that match the pool surround, creating an almost invisible drain.

 

With the vertical wall face constantly covered by water, tiling the entire pool interior in expensive tiles is often unnecessary. Focusing on the finish of the pool floor and any visible coping stones can be more cost-effective. Designing a deck-level pool is a complex process that is more demanding and costly than a standard skimmer pool. The overflow system and balance tank require specific engineering considerations and more physical space than a traditional pool.

 

For indoor pools, the structure's heat retention and moisture control are critical. Part L of the UK Building Regulations, for example, requires the pool shell to be sheathed in insulation.

​

Comparison with skimmer pools ​

​

In a Deck-Level Pool the water level is at the same height as the deck, creating a sleek, infinity-like edge. In a Skimmer Pool the water level is typically 100–150 mm below the deck, exposing a visible "freeboard" wall. In a Deck-Level Pool the water continuously overflows the entire perimeter, providing superior surface water filtration and better circulation while in a Skimmer Pool water is drawn into a few perimeter skimmer baskets, which is less efficient at removing surface debris. The water quality in a Deck-Level Pool is considered to offer more hygienic due to the constant removal of surface water contamination while a Skimmer Pool is prone to "scum lines" on the tile line if the water level is not maintained correctly. A Deck-Level Pool is more expensive to build and install due to the complexity of the overflow system and the balance tank while a Skimmer Pool is generally a more cost-effective and popular option for residential use.

​